Universities hoping to enter the top half of the Russell Group based on research prowess are likely to be disappointed because their position in academia¡¯s unofficial pecking order seldom changes substantially, a study suggests.

In the analysis of how elite universities within the 24-strong group have fared against each other in the research assessment exercise since 1996, Newcastle University¡¯s University and College Union branch found that institutions moved up or down by just one place on average between each assessment cycle.

For instance, Newcastle was ranked joint 19th?in the Russell Group in last year¡¯s research excellence framework based on its grade point average compared with?20th?in 2008. It was 19th?and 21st?overall in the 2001 and 1996 assessments respectively.

The University of Liverpool also moved very little over the same 18-year period, fluctuating between 20th?and 24th?position, the analysis shows.

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At the top end, Imperial College London, the London School of Economics and the universities of Oxford and Cambridge held the top four spots in the past four assessments.

When assessed on research power ¨C in which GPA is combined with the number of staff submitted ¨C institutions¡¯ positions within the Russell Group also changed very little between exercises, the study said.

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Academics at Newcastle compiled the comparison in response to their university¡¯s new institutional goal of being in the top half of the Russell Group based on its results in the next REF.

It has adopted new ¡°minimum expectations¡± and ¡°aspirational¡± targets regarding grant income for research-active academics to help it achieve this end.

Other lower-ranked institutions within the Russell Group have also introduced performance management to improve their research output and league table position.

However, UCU leaders believe that their analysis shows that it is unrealistic to expect Newcastle to make a giant leap up the Russell Group standings given the modest improvements seen previously.

A Newcastle spokesman said that staff are worried about the use of league tables as a measure of staff performance.

¡°We would love to engage in a collective discussion about how to make Newcastle University better and how to know that is happening ¨C that process has not happened so far,¡± she said.

Just three Russell Group universities managed to achieve major improvements in their research ranking within the group in recent years, the analysis suggest.

King¡¯s College London jumped from joint 16th?place to 6th?on GPA and 11th?to 6th?on research power in the 2014 exercise. Cardiff University achieved a similar GPA improvement, although increased selectivity meant its research power ranking fell.

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Queen Mary University of London¡¯s leap from bottom place in the Russell Group to the top half between 2001 and 2008, is also one of the few times that an institution has significantly improved its position, the analysis suggests.

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Robert Bowman, head of the School of Mathematics and Physics at Queen¡¯s University Belfast, whose analysis of the REF put its cost at ?1 billion, said that the ¡°London effect¡± might explain some of these improvements.

¡°There is no doubt there is a massive gravitational pull of research funding to London and southeast England, so how are regional universities going to make inroads on research without access to that level of funding?¡± he said.

¡°Can a university expect to jump to a much higher position unless they are part of...big funding initiatives such as the Crick Institute or Northern powerhouse?¡± he added.

However, while he was ¡°against targets imposed blankly on all staff¡±, Professor Bowman believed that ¡°aspirational targets¡± could play their part in improving institutional performance.

¡°If you are an ambitious academic ¨C and most people are ¨C you will probably aspire to have one or two postdocs, which, with overheads, will cost about ?80,000 a year each,¡± he said.

¡°If the aspiration is for each academic to raise resources towards their research, an income target north of ?100,000 a year becomes obvious.

¡°If you can get another 25 per cent of staff to get a postdoc, or two, and related funding, then you might take performance to another level.¡±

A spokeswoman for Newcastle University said that it submitted about 80 per cent of eligible staff to the REF 2014.

It hoped ¡°to increase this number and enter as many eligible staff as possible into the next REF¡±, while also increasing the average quality of submissions.

¡°If we achieve both these aims then we would meet our institutional objective of being in the top half of the Russell Group based on our analysis of our performance in the 2014 REF and an assessment of what degree of improvement was realistically achievable by 2021,¡± she added.

jack.grove@tesglobal.com

Russell Group rankings and how they¡¯ve changed

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